Diabetes is a medical condition that affects blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes: Type One Diabetes which is a lifelong autoimmune condition requiring lifelong insulin dependency and more commonly Type Two Diabetes which can be managed via diet, tablet medications, insulin, or a combination. A person with diabetes may suffer a diabetic emergency in which they would need your help.
A diabetic emergency can result from either high or low blood sugar levels.
Key Signs/Symptoms:
- Cool and clammy skin, or hot and dry skin
- Drowsiness or confusion
- Weakness
- Nausea
- Sweating
- Hunger
- Fruity odor on breath
- Extreme thirst
- Frequent urination
First Aid
In cases of low blood sugar where the individual is conscious, have the person take glucose tablets or glucose gel if on hand. You can provide something sweet to eat or drink such as candy, soda, or fruit juice.
Note that in cases of high blood sugar, additional sugar will not help. However, low blood sugar is more of an immediate threat which is why sugar should still be given if any diabetic emergency is suspected, regardless of which type of emergency they are experiencing.
When to Call 911?
Call 911 if the individual is confused or conditions do not improve. Also call 911 if the individual is unsure of which type of emergency they are experiencing.
What to Do if a Person Becomes Unresponsive?
- Call 911.
- If the individual is breathing, place them on their side in recovery position.
- If the individual is not breathing, start CPR or see if anyone around you is trained in CPR. If not, the 911 operator can assist.